More than 100,000 acres in Powhatan are classified as timberland. The predominant species include natural pine, upland hardwoods and bottomland hardwoods. Water is plentiful, with the southernmost border being the Appomattox River and the northernmost border being the James River. Powhatan is underlain by igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Large quantities of monazite and graphite also exist in the County.